Seafood

Mussels

One of the most delicious mollusks or (molluscs) from the sea. They are so robust in flavour and texture  that they can carry off virtually any other flavour you cook with them. From a curried creamy sauce  to a plain broth of salt water. One of the most versatile ingredients from the sea in my opinion.

Of course there are fresh water mussels as well, of course these are much rarer and nearly became extinct. The good news their population is back on the rise due to collaboration in the Lake District. Below the recipe is a complete guide to cook, cleaning and storing the mussels. In fact everything you will need to know about mussels.

Mussels The Complete Guide List

1. Where Do Mussels Grow
2. Cultivated mussels
3. Why don’t we eat mussels in the UK
4. The Golden Rules of Preparing Mussels
5. What do mussels taste like
6. How long does it take to cook mussels
7. How to cook mussels
8. How to cook mussels without wine
9. How to eat mussels in their shell
10. Benefits of eating mussels and are they good for you
11. How to clean mussels
12. When is it best to buy fresh mussels
13. Are mussels expensive
14. How to store mussels at home
15. How to cook the classic moules mariniere recipe
16. The base guide to cooking any mussel recipe
17. Shop bought ready prepared and frozen mussels
18. My mussels with chorizo and cabbage
19. Infograph How to cook mussels for any cuisine
20. Seafood resources

Where Do Mussels Grow

They grow in the wild seas and oceans around the world. You can usually find mussels on any coastline clinging to rock formations. They only difficulty of harvesting your own mussels from the shore is the access to them. The ones close to the shore line have usually been picked and the ones that are left are to small to eat. The big ones are in rocky bays which are near impossible to get to. There are large mussel beds that either get dredged or raked on a commercial scale, of course you cannot just go and pick these.

The other down side is the wild mussels of the seas also have a lot of growth on the shells (barnacles) and can be very difficult to clean before cooking. However if you do manage to grab yourself a good couple of handfuls of these mussels you won’t be disappointed. They taste absolutely amazing especially if your luck enough to be able to cook them on the beach on an open fire. Most of the mussels we eat are cultivated mussels.

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Cultivated Mussels

Where are the best cultivated mussels grown in the UK. Well the Scottish will of course say Scotland is the best place for mussels. The English will say the best mussels in the UK come from Cornwall. I will let you judge for yourselves where the best come from but we are lucky to have two places in the UK that produce world class mussels. Of course there are many other place around the UK that produce fantastic mussels.

The cultivated mussels are grown on ropes or on the rocky sea beds. The mollusks take around 18 to 24 months to grow to a size where they are worth harvesting. This also ensures that there is also a level of sustainability of the beautiful meaty sea treats.The Shetlands are the most prolific growers of mussels in Scotland. There ropes are often hanging from rafts in secluded protected bays. Perfect growing conditions for plump juicy mussels. It is unbelievable that we export most of our mussels to the rest of Europe.

Why Don’t We Eat Mussels in The UK (United Kingdom)

To me its a mystery as my parents always ate mussels, ok as a young child I didn’t really like them. Well I say I dint like them what I actually meant is that I did not like the look of them. I had never actually tasted them. However on a regular basis there would be a big string bag of mussels in the house. It was always my dad who would be over the sink washing and cleaning the mussels.

I presume the reason why we eat so little in the UK is tradition. There has never ever been a big tradition of eating our very own seafood. We just do not have the knowledge passed down on how to prepare and cook these delights. My parents never had anything particularly exotic when they prepared their mussel recipe. It was just a simple copy of belgian moules mariniere. Now I have wrote this down the tradition came from my mums cousin who married a Belgium national. Mussels and chips on every corner in Belgium. We do not cook them because we do not know how to.

The Golden Rules Of Preparing Mussels Before Cooking

The only thing I can remember was when I sat and watched my dad clean the mussels was the advice he gave whilst scrubbing and de-bearding them. Of course I was lucky enough to clean them myself even though I dint eat them at that age. Dads are just to crafty (He has long gone but I typed that with a smile and a tear at the memory). As I wipe away the tears and close my eyes to remember his words of advice on mussels.

1. If the shell is already broken throw it away
2. If the shell is open and when you squeeze it, it doesn’t stay closed throw it away
3. Always cook mussels with an onion. (if the onion turns black then throw them all away. (may dads advice)
4. When the mussels are cooked (5 mins) any shells that are not open, throw them away.

I have stuck by those simple rules for preparing and cooking mussels for a lifetime and I have always had delicious results.

What Do Mussels Taste Like

Mussels taste of the sea, slightly salty not unlike other shellfish such as prawns, cockles or clams. The texture should be soft and velvety and then a firm texture towards the centre. If they are chewy or rubber then they have been overcooked, the same as squid (calamari) when over cooked.

My advice if you are tasting them for the first time is just eat. Don’t analyse it just taste. The flavours and texture is unlike anything else. Once you have tried mussels you will want to try them again and again using a multitude of flavours.

How Long to Cook Mussels

Fresh Mussels from the sea take only around 5 (five) minutes to cook. Its the cooking of the other ingredients that you flavour the mussels with that takes the time to cook. However you can prepare a mussel dish in around 10 minutes. Mussels are one of the fastest foods around. Like any food from the sea.

How To Cook Mussels

There are a multitude of ways to cook mussels, probably more than you could ever think possible. I usually cook them in the broth/liquor/ sauce that I cook the other ingredients in. This method of cooking the mussels is the easiest and the most reliable if you are a beginner at cooking mussels. Its so easy to take the pan lid off the cooking pot to see if the mussels are open and cooked. Even easier if you have a glass lid to your pan.

List Of Cooking Methods For Mussels

1. Steam in a broth/sauce
2. Steam with aromatics
3. BBQ on the open grill, they would absorb more flavour wrapped in tin foil with herbs and spices  and then throw on the BBQ
4. Bake in the oven, same method in tin foils so they steam in their own juices
5. Bake in the oven in a seafood pie
6. Cook in Paella

How To Cook Mussels Without Wine

Of course everyone has heard of the classic moules mariniere recipe but not everyone has eaten them. Some people prefer not because of the wine and cream in the recipe. Yes you can cook mussels without using wine. The simplest one would be to cook in a tomato broth with thyme and garlic. You can simply cook them in plain salted boiling water.

Or you could go Belgian and cook the mussels in beer, cider or a hoppy larger. Alternatively  Asian style in a coconut broth with chillies and lemon grass, delicious. What about Indian and cooke them in a korma curry sauce. They are also delicious cooked in a bold red wine with tomatoes garlic and herbs.

How To Eat Mussels

There are several ways of eating mussels as politely as possible when they come served in their shells. I personally take my first mussel and split the shell in half and then hold the thinest part of the shell. I then use it as a scoop to take the mussel meat out of the other half of the shell. You could use a small teaspoon to scrape out the meat.

When we visited France last year to stay at cousin’s Gite’ we had mussels a few times. Of course we had the classic moules mariniere with fries. There must have been at least 2lb of fries with the mussels. I digress most of the French people took the mussel meat out of the first shell and then used the complete shell as pinchers to grip and pull out the mussels from the other shells. When all the mussels have been eaten and the shells discarded onto a clean plate they then throw hand fulls of chips into the broth and then eat them.

Benefits of eating mussels

Fresh mussel meat has about the same amount of protein as beef steak, but much less fat, 25% fewer calories and more nutrients. They contain 146 calories per 3-ounce serving, and also supply 20.23 grams of protein. Most of the 3.81 grams of fat are in the form of heart-healthy unsaturated fats, making them a nutritious addition to your diet. You also get a good amount of certain vitamins and minerals that help support your health

How Do You Clean Mussels Before Cooking

No need to be scared when cleaning your mussels as it is a really simple task. Place a colander in the sink and empty your mussels into it . Turn the cold water on and the first job is to simple scrub them clean with a good stiff brush under the running water.

The next step is to remove the beard from the mussel. Hold the mussel in one hand with beard pointing up, then with a knife grab the beard between the knife and your thumb. The just quickly pull towards you and then the beard will come out. Remember to follow the golden rules of preparing the mussels. Throw any away that are not suitable.

When Is It Best To Buy Mussels

The best time to buy mussels is when there are in season. I have always been told that they are only available when there is an R in the month. So technically the mussels are available from September until the end of April.

You can buy mussels throughout the year now. They come frozen which are great for adding to seafood stir fry dishes and even paella. They also come vac packed and often have a sauce broth include to keep them moist and tasty. This is what I have used in my recipe. It is perfect for the first time cooks as the mussels have already been cleaned and you only need to check for broken ones. I have heard that you can buy them tinned, I have never dared trying them or even looking for them . I am sure that tined mussels may have there uses somewhere.

Are Mussels Expensive To Buy

No mussels are not expensive at all especially when you buy them in season. Of course the fresh ones that you have to clean yourself are cheaper. Simply because you have to do all the preparation yourself. They become even cheaper when you bulk out the recipe as I have done. Personally I find it satisfying cleaning them the best I can before cooking them. Those shiny blueish grey mollusks shine out from the broth, as I know it will be heaven on a plate.

There are some expensive mussels on the market and usually the bigger the individual mussel is the more expensive they become. This is only natural as the growing time is a lot longer and the farmers have to wait longer before harvesting their crops (mussels). Probably the most expensive mussels are the green lipped mussels from New Zealand, these can be supersize because of the time they are left to grown and the conditions.

How To Store Mussels At Home

Its not very often or for very long I store mussels at home. The only reason being is I see them I the supermarket and cook them the same day. However if you wanted to store them at home the ideal place is the fridge. Empty the mussels from their string bag in a bowl of water. At this point you can check for any broken ones and discard them immediately.

Loosely cover them with tin foil or clingfilm (they need oxygen). Do not de-beard them at this point as this will kill the live mussel. Even better to store them in seawater if your lucky enough to have some on your doorstep. Try to ensure that they are covered completely, some people place wet newspapers on top as this allows the circulation of oxygen. Only clean the mussels shorty before you want to cook them Ensure you follow the golden rules. The mussels could possible stay fresh in the fridge for unto 7 days. Of course you do not know how long they have been in the supermarket so I recommend eating them as soon as possible. (some authorities recommend 1 to 2 days storage)

How To Cook The Classic Moules Mariniere

Now if you can sauté’ an onion then you can cook this classic moules mariniere recipe. Every celebrity chef has their own version of moules mariniere but basically they are the same. All you need is Onion, garlic, white wine , parsley and cream to go with the mussels. Some people vary the herbs used such as thyme or a bay leaf in this classic French dish.

The cooking method is simple to. Dice your onion,  fry in a little oil and butter with the garlic. Cook until the onion is translucent. Now add your mussels, a glass of white wine and 200ml of cream. Then put the lid on the frying pan and allow to cook rapidly for around 4 minutes until the shells have opened. At this stage you can serve them straight away with some chopped parsley on to. Or you could remove the mussels into some warm serving bowls and put the pan back onto the heat. This will reduce the cream and wine sauce and thicken it a little. This makes the sauce coat the mussels more and intensifies the flavour some more. You could also add a teaspoon of French mustard to the sauce.

The Base Guide To Cooking Mussels For Any Cuisine and Any Flavour

This is a simple guide for you to be able to create virtually any cuisines flavour to go with your mussel recipes. Just follow the basic steps below and you will easily be able to create a world of flavours with the mussels as the centre piece of the dish. This is after you have cleaned the mussels and discarded any that do not meet the criteria.

1. Always start by sautéing an onion in some fat (oil) (one of the golden rules)

   1. The oil could be vegetable oil, olive oil, butter and oil, rapes-seed oil, sunflower oil or ghee, any oil you want to use.
   2. Red onions, white onions, shallots, spring onions

2. Next adding flavour with aromatics (hardy aromatics) once the onions are nearly cooked

   1. Garlic, chill, lemon grass, chorizo, ham, bacon pieces, ginger, saffron, thyme, bay leaf , cayenne pepper, sundered tomatoes, curry powder, curry paste,or miso paste.  In fact anything you want from your spice collection
      1. cook the aromatics with the onion so they release the flavour into the pan and the onions. Of course do not all the flavours I have mentioned above. Just use two or three of your favourites that go well together.

3. Now add you bulk out ingredients if you want the mussels to go a little further.

   1. Of course you don’t have to, you could simply eat them with the sauce/broth alone
   2. Savoy Cabbage, chickpeas, leeks, par cooked potatoes, sweetcorn, peas, pak choi, small pasta (orzo), par cooked rice, spinach peppers.
   3. Let these staples cook through for a few minutes to absorb the flavours and warm through before the next stage. Just add your favourites and not all of them.

4. Adding The Liquid

   1. Salted water, vegetable stock, white wine, red wine, cider, beer, larger, coconut milk, double cream, chopped tinned tomatoes.
      1. The liquid quantities is up to you, do you just ant a little bit of sauce/broth with your mussels or do you want them smothered. You only need about 1 cm of liquid in the pan for the mussels to cook as once the pan lid is on the mussels steam in the heat.

5. Throw In The Mussels

   1. Place the pan lid on and let them steam/cook for around 3 to 4 minutes until the shells are open.

Infograph at bottom of post

Just follow these 5 simple rules to cooking perfect mussels every time.

Shop Bought Ready Prepared And Frozen Mussels

Just because the mussels come from the supermarket shelf already added wit flavour it doesn’t mean thats it. As with my recipe below I added more flavour, of course it has to be complimentary. The ones I bought from Morrison had garlic in so adding more garlic isn’t a problem. Follow the 5 steps from the base guide of cooking and add complimentary flavours. If cooking the mussels from frozen than add al least 5 minutes extra cooking time.

Frozen mussels can be used exactly in the same way as fresh sea mussels in recipes. Always follow the instructions on the packet, thaw if required.Mussels that are frozen are great for stir fry’s paella fish pies. You just need to be careful that you do not over cook them as they are usually cooked then frozen.

My Mussels With Chorizo and Cabbage

I made this mussel dish for me and my mother and to keep the cost down I used a pre-packed mussels for 1 from Morrison which cost £2. As we were sharing the pack I needed to add some more ingredients to the mussels to ensure it was filling and tasty. So the fridge was raided looking for some delicious ingredients. Something to add to these tasty mollusks dish.

In the classic moules marinier they serve fries, however just as good are wedges, cheap and great for mopping up the cream sauce. Any of these wedges recipes would be good with this mussel dish. You could also try eating them with some delicious sweet potato wedges. They are also great served with some crusty homemade bread.

Mussels With Garlic Butter

Simply prepare the mussels as per the golden rules the follow the base cooking method one. Now follow stage two of cooking and add your garlic at this point. Do not at the butter as it may burn. The jump to stage five and add your mussels and cover. Once the mussels have opened you can now add your butter and a little more fresher chopped garlic to enhance the flavour in your garlic butter mussels. Simply serve your garlic butter mussels with bread.

Seafood Resources

https://www.thefishsociety.co.uk

http://www.seafish.org

Visit England 10 Of the Best English Seafood Treats 

Shellfish Week 2019 

Sources your mussels responsibly 

Images Courtesy of Pexel & Upsplash Except Header Image Shot by Karl

Mussels are great used in Egg Fried Rice as well